Passage
In the study of South America one may observe certain points of resemblance with others of difference between that continent and North America. The outline of each, we perceive, is roughly triangular, broad at the north and tapering towards the south; but as the broad part of one is not far from the Arctic Circle while that of the other is near the equator, we find that the greater part of North America is in the temperate zone while most of South America is in the torrid; disparity in climate and productions follows.The geological formation of the two continents is as similar as their outline. There is a correspondence on the northeast between what are called the Laurentian Highlands in Labrador and the uplands of Guiana; on the southeast between the Appalachian system of the North and the Serra do Mar of Brazil, each having a northeast to southwest trend and a fair similarity in height, though the tallest peak in either range is the Itatiaiá in Brazil, which by 3000 feet exceeds Mt. Mitchel, the highest of the Appalachians. A difference worth noting is that the Brazilian range is closer to the sea.
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The passage is primarily concerned with:
arguing that the geographical similarities between North and South America outweigh their differences.
comparing North and South America to highlight specific geographical, climatic, and geological resemblances and variations.
illustrating how the triangular outlines of continents dictate their respective climatic zones.
detailing the specific elevations of major mountain ranges in North and South America.
explaining why the productions and climate of South America are superior to those of North America.
Passage Breakdown: How an Expert Reads
Did you catch the structure? This passage is a classic "Comparative Argument." Here is how you should map it mentally.
Structural Analysis
Points of Resemblance
- Outline: Both are triangular (Broad North, Tapering South).
- Geology: Laurentian Highlands ≈ Guiana Uplands.
- Mountains: Appalachians ≈ Serra do Mar (Similar trend & height).
Points of Difference
- Latitude: Arctic Circle vs Equator.
- Climate: Temperate vs Torrid.
- Proximity: Brazilian range is closer to the sea.
Study Guide Completion
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